Coralreef.7z

is absorbed by the ocean, lowering the pH. This reduces the availability of carbonate ions, making it more difficult for corals to calcify and build their skeletons. 3.3 Local Stressors

Coral reefs occupy less than 0.1% of the ocean floor but support approximately 25% of all marine species. They are built primarily by scleractinian (stony) corals that form a symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic algae known as zooxanthellae. In recent decades, the frequency of mass bleaching events has increased, threatening the structural integrity of reefs worldwide. This paper explores the "CoralReef" dataset's implications for understanding long-term ecosystem shifts. 2. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services CoralReef.7z

Rising Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) lead to the breakdown of the coral-algal symbiosis. When temperatures exceed a coral's threshold for a prolonged period, the zooxanthellae are expelled, leaving the white calcium carbonate skeleton visible—a process known as bleaching. 3.2 Ocean Acidification Increased atmospheric CO2cap C cap O sub 2 is absorbed by the ocean, lowering the pH

Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse and economically valuable ecosystems on Earth. Often referred to as the "rainforests of the sea," they provide essential services including coastal protection, fisheries support, and tourism revenue. However, these ecosystems are under unprecedented threat from global climate change, overfishing, and local pollution. This paper synthesizes current data on reef health, examines the physiological mechanisms of coral bleaching, and evaluates the efficacy of modern restoration techniques. 1. Introduction They are built primarily by scleractinian (stony) corals