: Excess LDL ("bad") cholesterol deposits in the damaged walls, triggering inflammatory reactions.

: As these fibrous plaques calcify and thicken, the vessel diameter narrows, severely obstructing distal blood flow. ⚠️ Major Risk Factors

The underlying mechanism of ASO is heavily tied to the biological processes of aging and lifestyle stress.

: Chronic high blood pressure, smoking, or hyperglycemia damages the inner lining of the artery.

: Pathologically, the lesion is marked by the thinning or destructive degeneration of the tunica media.