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Traditional photocatalysts like TiO₂ often suffer from a wide bandgap, limiting their efficiency to the ultraviolet spectrum. Heterojunction engineering—coupling two semiconductors with staggered band alignments—is a proven strategy to extend light response into the visible range. This paper focuses on the system. ZnO provides a robust, non-toxic framework, while BiOI, a p-type semiconductor with a narrow bandgap, serves as a visible-light sensitizer. 2. Materials and Methods

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: The degradation of organic pollutants (e.g., methylene blue or methyl orange) was monitored under visible light irradiation. 3. Results and Discussion Traditional photocatalysts like TiO₂ often suffer from a

: The formation of a p-n heterojunction creates an internal electric field that drives electrons and holes in opposite directions, reducing recombination rates. This synergy leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydroxyl radicals ( ) and superoxide radicals ( ), which Mineralize the organic dyes. 4. Conclusion ZnO provides a robust, non-toxic framework, while BiOI,